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Hybrid models deal with more demanding problems. They represent a combined employment of physical and numerical models with a goal to exploit their specific advantages as much as possible.
EXAMPLE: hybrid model of a large inundation (this research was a joint project by Institute for Hydraulic Research and Chair of fluid mechanics at UL FGG).
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Numerical models are 1D, 2D, or 3D simulations of flow, representing a wide field of computational fluid Dynamics (CFD).
EXAMPLES (some of our recent studies):
– 3D: optimization of a small-hydropower-plant intake
– 2D: optimization of a fishway
– 2D: flood-risk maps 
– 2D: velocity field downstream of a dam
– 1D: hydropower-plant resevoir and a tributary river during high-water event
– 1D: vawes in supply channel due to operation of a hydropower-plant
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INSTITUTE FOR HYDRAULIC RESEARCH
Hajdrihova 28
1000 Ljubljana
Slovenia
Tel.: +386 01 24 18 420
Fax: +386 01 24 18 433
mail: hidroinstitut@hidroinstitut.si
Director: dr. Tanja Prešeren, civ. eng.
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Physical hydraulic models can be constructed from various materials (concrete, wood, plastics, fiber-glass …), in various scales (from 1:1 to 1:100 and more), they can be vertically distorted (i.e. vertical scale is different from horizontal scale) or not, they can have fixed or movable bed.
Each physical hydraulic model has to confirm to requirements of similarity laws, which in general include similarity of geometry (length, area, volume dimensions), kinematic similarity (time, velocity), and dynamic similarity (force, mass). In most cases hydraulic studies employ Froude’s law (for free-surface flows) and Reynolds’ law (flow under pressure in pipes, flow with large velocity etc.)
EXAMPLES (some of our recent studies):
– cofferdam (during construction of a hydropower plant dam) 
– spillways and piers
– turbine intake 
– dissipation chamber
– Howell-Bunger valve
– sideweir
– fishway
– pump-storage system
– radial gate
In last few years the following companies ordered our studies (in alphabetical order):
Acroni, d.o.o.
Alba, d.o.o.
CINKARNA, Metalurško-kemična industrija Celje, d.d.
DARS, d.d.
Direkcija Republike Slovenije za ceste
Dravske elektrarne Maribor d.o.o.
DRI upravljanje investicij, d.o.o.
EKO Ekoinženiring, d.o.o.
Energoplan gradbeno podjetje, d.d.
GEN energija, d.d.
Gorenjske elektrarne, proizvodnja elektrike, d.o.o.
Hidroelektrarne na spodnji Savi, d.o.o.
Holding slovenske elektrarne d.o.o.
HSE Invest, d.o.o.
IBE, d.d., svetovanje, projektiranje in inženiring
IKEMA, d.o.o.
Inženiring IBT Ljubljana, d.d.
Iskra INVEST Podjetje za inženiring, vzdrževanje in storitve, d.d.
Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost RS (ARRS)
JP CČN Domžale – Kamnik, d.o.o.
Julon, d.d.
KOSTAK komunalno stavbno podjetje, d.d.
Litostroj Power, d.o.o.
Ljubljanske mlekarne, mlekarska industrija, d.d.
Mestna občina Celje
Mestna občina Ljubljana
Nacionalni laboratorij za zdravje, okolje in hrano Celje
NIVO, gradnje in ekologija, d.d., Celje
Nuklearna elektrarna Krško
Občina Brežice
Občina Črna na Koroškem
Občina Gorenja vas – Poljane
Občina Krško
Pivovarna Union, d.d.
Prealpi, d.o.o.
Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za gospodarski razvoj in tehnologijo
Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor
Ribiška družina Novo mesto
Savske elektrarne Ljubljana d.o.o.
Soške elektrarne Nova Gorica d.o.o.
TOSAMA d.o.o.
Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo
VIPAP VIDEM Krško, d.d.
Vodovod – Kanalizacija javno podjetje d.o.o., Celje
ZEL-EN, razvojni center energetike, d.o.o.